The deck guard railing to the left provides little protection to small children as it can be climbed like a ladder. The height to grade beyond the guard railing was about 8’. That fall could injure a child or adult. This home was built in 2002 (prior to the current standards).
Guard Railings and Hand Railings
Matthew Steger, WIN Home Inspection • January 13, 2023
People often get confused with the terms “guard railings” and “hand railings”. Guard railings are installed along the outer perimeter of decks, balconies, and porches and other areas where there is a change in elevation, such as along an upper hallway, and helps prevent someone from falling off the walking surface. A hand railing, on the other hand, is installed on a staircase or ramp to provide a graspable surface to assist traversing the staircase or ramp.
Modern standards call for guard railings where there is a drop to another horizontal surface of, at least, 30”. For residential settings, guard railings should be at least 36” high and have no openings within it wider than 4” (codes for commercial guard railings differ from those for homes). These openings may be between balusters or spindles or between the bottom of the guard railing and the walking surface itself.
The 30” difference in height requirement extends out 36” away from a deck or porch. For example, 20 years ago, if a deck’s walking surface was 28” above the immediate grade, even if the grade then dropped off steeply after 12” away from the deck, a guard railing may not have been required at the deck. With more recent changes to the IRC (International Residential Code), the above example would require a guard railing. Keep in mind that home inspectors are not code compliance inspectors, yet a good home inspector is very familiar with the building codes and stays current with their changes (a new version of the IRC comes out every 3 years) and applications.
Many older homes that I inspect have porches or decks that have one or more horizontal members only below the top railing. These, in almost all cases, have openings far wider than 4” and most often present an easy opportunity for a small child to climb the horizontal members, like a ladder, and fall over the other side. Even installing lattice on an older railing can still provide locations for small feet to be inserted to climb up and fall over. Rigid balusters can most often be readily added to provide the needed safety.
The guard railing installed to the right was to keep someone from falling out of this secondary exterior door (no deck or steps were installed). The spacing between the balusters exceeds 6”. A child’s head could easily fit between the balusters and possibly get stuck. Tighter spacing of the balusters is needed.
Many older homes have guard railings that are only 28” or 30” high, like the one to the left. These short guard railings may not prevent an adult from accidentally falling over it, such as after a few too many drinks at a deck party.
When there is a staircase open on one (or both) side (there is a fixed wall with a hand railing on the far side in this example), a guard railing should be installed on the open side to prevent someone from falling off the staircase into the room. A full banister would suffice. The same 4” baluster/spindle spacing requirement is needed, however the height of the railings’ top should be between 34” - 38” above the stair nosing. The nosing of a step is the part of the step that sticks out slightly over the step below it. As you will notice, the height requirement for guard railings at steps has a slight variation permitted (between 34~38" above the nosing) whereas guard railings at non-steps should meet the 36" high, minimum, requirement.
I sometimes even run across vinyl guard railings on newer decks that are quite flimsy and don’t provide much protection from someone bumping into the guard railing and breaking through. If the guard railing has too much flexibility, it may not prevent someone from falling through the guard railing and falling off a deck or porch. The strength requirement calls for no more than 4” lateral movement when 200 lbs. of force is applied. Most modern sturdy vinyl guard railings have either wood or steel inside the main vinyl components to provide strength.
Hand railings are needed at all staircases that have 4 or more steps. The walking surface of a deck or porch is considered a step, so even if there are only 3 more treads below the deck or porch, the staircase is considered 4 steps.
The stone staircase to the left has 9 steps but no hand railings. It was an older home (from the 1930s, which predated modern building standards), yet if you slip and fall on icy steps, you don’t really care how old the home is or if its construction predated modern building codes.
Proper hand railings and guard railings are a critical part of the home’s interior and exterior. They provide support to people, big and small, walking up or down staircases as well as helping to ensure that people can’t fall off a porch or deck or other change in elevation. Periodically checking the railings around your home can help ensure that they are solid and strong when you may need them most. Any damaged or loose railings should be repaired or replaced.
Facts, opinions and information expressed in the Blog represent the work of the author and are believed to be accurate, but are not guaranteed. The Lancaster County Association of Realtors is not liable for any potential errors, omissions or outdated information. If errors are noted within a post, please notify the Association. Posts represent the author's opinion and are not necessarily the opinion of the Association.
When purchasing a home, buyers often have the option of choosing either a standard or enhanced owner’s title insurance policy. Both policies protect the buyer’s ownership interest in the property, but the enhanced policy provides several valuable protections that go beyond the coverage included in a standard policy. The enhanced policy is available for purchases of one-to-four-family residences and condominiums when the property is being purchased in an individual’s name, rather than in the name of an LLC, corporation, partnership, or other entity. A standard owner’s policy protects against common title problems, including defects, liens or claims against the property, an unmarketable title, and a lack of legal access. The enhanced policy includes those protections while adding coverage for issues that are especially relevant to homeowners, including certain building permit and zoning violations, improper subdivisions, vehicular access problems, and structures that encroach onto the property after the buyer takes ownership. One of the most important added benefits is post-policy forgery protection. A standard policy generally protects against title issues that existed before the buyer purchased the property. The enhanced policy also provides protection if someone later forges the homeowner’s signature or creates a fraudulent deed that clouds the homeowner’s title. With real estate and identity fraud becoming an increasing concern, this protection alone can provide homeowners with valuable peace of mind. The enhanced policy also includes an automatic increase in coverage. The policy amount increases by 10% each year during the first five years of ownership, up to 150% of the original policy amount. This helps the coverage keep pace as the value of the property increases. In Pennsylvania, the enhanced policy is available for a one-time premium that is only 10% higher than the standard owner’s policy premium, with no annual renewal cost. At Abstract Associates, we believe buyers should understand the difference between the two policies before making their decision. For a relatively small additional cost at settlement, the enhanced policy provides broader protection that can continue to benefit the homeowner long after closing.
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Most people think of a reverse mortgage as a way for homeowners to access the equity they've built in their current home. While that's certainly true, many Realtors are surprised to learn that a reverse mortgage can also be used to purchase a new home. What Is a Reverse Mortgage? A reverse mortgage, also known as a Home Equity Conversion Mortgage (HECM), is an FHA-insured loan available to homeowners age 62 and older. Instead of making monthly mortgage payments, eligible borrowers can use a portion of their home's equity to eliminate an existing mortgage, establish a line of credit, receive monthly payments, or simply improve cash flow. Borrowers remain responsible for paying property taxes, homeowners' insurance, maintaining the home, and continuing to occupy it as their primary residence. What Is a Reverse Mortgage for Purchase? A HECM for Purchase allows qualified buyers age 55 and older to purchase a new primary residence using a substantial down payment and a reverse mortgage—without the obligation of monthly principal and interest payments.* This program can be an excellent solution for: Buyers looking to downsize. Retirees relocating closer to family. Homeowners moving into a 55+ community. Clients seeking a home that better fits their retirement lifestyle. Buyers who want to preserve more of their retirement savings or investment assets. Instead of paying all cash for a home, buyers can finance part of the purchase through a reverse mortgage, allowing them to keep more of their liquid assets available for future needs. Why Realtors Should Know About This Program A Reverse Mortgage for Purchase can help clients: Increase purchasing power. Improve monthly cash flow. Preserve retirement savings. Purchase a home that better meets their long-term needs. Age in place more comfortably. For many older buyers, this financing option can make the difference between settling for a home and purchasing the one that truly fits their retirement goals. If you work with clients who are 55 or older, a Reverse Mortgage for Purchase may be worth exploring before they write an offer. *Borrowers must continue to pay property taxes, homeowners insurance, maintain the property, and occupy the home as their primary residence. The amount available depends on factors including the youngest borrower's age, current interest rates, and the home's value. Facts, opinions and information expressed in the Blog represent the work of the author and are believed to be accurate but are not guaranteed. The Lancaster County Association of Realtors is not liable for any potential errors, omissions or outdated information. If errors are noted within a post, please notify the Association. Posts represent the author's opinion and are not necessarily the opinion of the Association.
Whew! If you're anything like me, you blinked and somehow July is already halfway over. That also means we've officially crossed the halfway mark of the year. How’s business treating you? Maybe your year is right on track; if so - congrats! If you're holding your breath waiting for your transaction numbers to suddenly align with the goals you set in January, it's time to stop waiting and start resetting. It’s never too late! The beauty of this business is that January doesn't have a monopoly on fresh starts. In real estate, momentum can change surprisingly quickly. One listing can become three referrals. One conversation can lead to a transaction. The second half of the year has the potential to look completely different from the first. The key isn't wishing for a better year. It's changing what you do next. One of the most important mindset shifts an agent can make is to treat their business like a business. Business owners don't simply hope for better results. They create a plan, track meaningful metrics, review what's working, and adjust when needed. Your real estate business deserves the same level of intention. When you start thinking like the CEO of your business instead of just the salesperson in it, your daily decisions begin to change, and so do your results. So where to start? Ask yourself: How many meaningful conversations am I having each week? How consistently am I following up with past clients and leads? Am I asking for referrals? Am I visible in my community and online? Am I blocking time every day for lead generation? Many of us focus on results we can't control: closings, commission checks, or contracts signed. Instead, focus on the activities that create those results. Results lag behind consistent action. If you improve the actions, the numbers usually follow. Choose one or two meaningful goals for the next 3 months. Then identify the handful of weekly actions that move those goals forward. For example: Reach out to 5 people a day. Schedule three coffee meetings with your sphere. Host one open house every weekend. Post valuable content three times a week. Write five handwritten notes every Friday. Consistency beats intensity every time. Your calendar tells the truth. Look back at the last two weeks. How much time was spent on activities that directly grow your business? Admin work is necessary, but revenue producing activities deserve protected time on your calendar. While time blocking is considered a “bad” word to many, being in control of your time allows you to control your business. Schedule lead generation before you schedule anything else. Pick an accountability partner and share your weekly action plan with each other. Commit to checking in regularly and holding one another accountable for following through. Celebrate the wins along the way. When you accomplish the actions you set out to complete, reward yourself, even if it’s just an iced coffee with your accountability partner. Above all, don’t let a negative mind set deter you from forward momentum. Start small. Do the work. Finish big. Here’s to a successful 2026! "Success looks a lot like failure up until the moment you break through the finish line." – Dan Waldschmid “Today is always the most productive day of your week." – Mark Hunter
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